Stone knowledge: processing and installation of stone cylindrical Roman columns
Type of ordinary cylinder
The common cylinders introduced here mainly refer to cylinders with straight or curved generatrixes, but cross-sections of circular equal or unequal cross-sections, such as equal-diameter cylinders, tapered cylinders, drum-shaped cylinders and railing columns with diameters smaller than the middle diameter Wait.
Generally refers to a special-shaped cylinder with several grooves machined in the direction of the generatrix of the outer surface of the cylinder. Seen from the cross-section of the Roman column, its circumference is made up of straight line segments of equal size and part of the concave circumferential line segments connected at equal intervals. The grooves on Roman columns are generally impenetrable near the base and cap of the column. According to the difference of the column height, the Roman column can be a whole column processed from the whole stone, or a column formed by splicing several columns with the column foundation and the column cap.
The diameter and height of ordinary cylinders are mainly determined by the size of the block. The minimum diameter is generally 100mm and the maximum diameter is less than or equal to 2000mm. Whether it is a whole or part of a cylinder, its individual height is generally less than 5000mm, but some heights exceed 5000mm. Special cylinder. The standard stone column consists of a column base, a column body and a column cap.
Cylindrical machining process
Stone pillar refers to solid or hollow core pillars for building decoration made of marble and granite. Depending on the type of stone used, it can be divided into marble pillars and granite pillars. Divided into Roman columns, plum columns, twisted columns, railing columns, carved columns, polygonal columns, and monochromatic columns and multicolor columns; according to the cross-sectional size, it can be divided into equal-diameter columns of equal diameter, and cross-sections that are not equal Conical and drum columns. The difference from the arc plate is that the arc plate is only used to wrap the decorative column and is a part of the outer surface of the cylinder; the stone column is a solid or hollow core of a solid or spliced cylinder.
1. Cylindrical grinding and polishing
Cylindrical grinding and polishing are generally carried out on lathes equipped with pneumatic or hydraulic pressure grinding heads. The abrasives installed on the grinding heads can be quickly replaced. The abrasives for grinding and polishing cylinders are usually circular, and the end faces are in contact with the cylinder. the way. Such as the Italian cylindrical machining lathe grinding and polishing cylinder.
Because the grinding force during grinding and polishing is far less than the cutting resistance during forming and cutting, when clamping the grinding and polishing cylinder, only the center hole support can be used at one end of the bedside box.
Depending on the material of the stone being polished, the gradation of the abrasive is also different. For example, 5 kinds of abrasives with different thickness can be used when processing granite, and abrasives can be used for processing marble.
As the contour lines of railing posts, vases, and other products fluctuate greatly, the above-mentioned ring-shaped abrasives are difficult to grind and polish. Therefore, simple grinding and polishing equipment for manually grinding deformed rotating bodies is still used to complete the polishing of railing posts and other products. machining.
2. End face trimming
After the cylindrical polishing process is finished, the two end faces of the cylinder can be cut with a diamond saw blade to make the length dimension meet the requirements of the finished product. It must be noted that the angle between the cut end surface and its axis should be slightly less than 90 degrees, so that the seam can be small and beautiful during installation.
3. Cleaning, inspection and packaging
The processed cylinders can be packed after cleaning, inspection and drying. The packaging of the cylinder is divided into two steps. First, the cylinder is sealed with a plastic film with a thickness of 0.5 mm, and then fixed in a wooden fence. During packaging and transportation, care must be taken to prevent collision with the cylinder.
Processing steps for Roman columns
Roman column groove processing, the tool for processing Roman column grooves, generally adopts a diamond cutter-inserted milling cutter, the diamond cake cut-out cross-section is arc-shaped, so as to process curved cross-section grooves. The width of the agglomerate determines the width of the groove, so when processing Roman columns with large diameters, the milling cutter disk is similar to a diamond roller.
There are also twisted column processing technology and solid column column foundation and column cap processing technology.
There is also a special-shaped cylinder similar to the Roman column, which is called a plum column in China, and the circumference of its cross section is formed by the equal division of the circumferential curve segments of the convex portion. This plum cylinder can be machined with a milling cutter set with concave diamond agglomerates, using the same equipment requirements as when processing Roman columns.
Roman columns are generally decorated with matt or chiseled, burnt surfaces. In the case of matte decoration, the gloss of the outer surface can reach the level after the diamond tool is processed.
If a Roman column with a polished surface is required, at most, a cylindrical portion of the outer surface thereof is ground and polished, because polishing in a groove is difficult.
If you need a bright grooved surface, you have to use a soft abrasive pad to manually polish it.
A seemingly simple column, with so many processing operations hidden behind it, contains the immortal spirit and superb craftsmanship of stone craftsmen.
Source: Stone Network